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Impulse Steam Turbine and Reaction Steam Turbine- Marine Machinery Details

The steam turbine is a device for obtaining mechanical work from the energy stored in steam. There are two main types of turbine, the 'impulse' and the 'reaction'. The names refer to the type of force which acts on the blades to turn the turbine wheel.

The impulse arrangement is made up of a ring of nozzles followed by a ring of blades. The high-pressure, high-energy steam is expanded in the nozzle to a lower-pressure, high-velocity jet of steam. This jet of steam is directed into the impulse blades and leaves in a different direction.


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The changing direction and therefore velocity produces an impulsive force which mainly acts in the direction of rotation of the turbine blades. There is only a very small end thrust on the turbine shaft.

steam turbine

Fig: Energy conversion in a steam turbine


Impulse blading
Fig: Impulse blading

Reaction blading

The reaction arrangement is made up of a ring of fixed blades attached to the casing, and a row of similar blades mounted on the rotor, i.e. moving blades . The blades are mounted and shaped to produce a narrowing passage which, like a nozzle, increases the steam velocity. This increase in velocity over the blade produces a reaction force which has components in the direction of blade rotation and also along the turbine axis. There is also a change in velocity of the steam as a result of a change in direction and an impulsive force is also produced with this type of blading. The more correct term for this blade arrangement is 'impulse-reaction'.


Reaction blading

Fig: Reaction blading



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