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Bulk CO2 fire fighting system for cargo ships
There may be a variety of different fixed fire fighting installations exist, some of which are specifically designed for certain types of ship.
Fig explained an installation of bulk CO2 system. It consists of a large vessel which holds CO2 at a working pressure of around 21 bar and temperature of minus 20°C. To maintain these parameters,
a dual refrigeration system is employed and controlled by
the CO2 pressure in the vessel. One refrigeration system is
in operation while the other is on standby.
Fig: Bulk CO2 system
As it is essential to maintain the pressure in the vessel,
a heater is also fitted for this purpose. Fitted to the
vessel are two sets of relief valves, the LP set designed
to lift at around 24 bar and the HP set designed to
lift at around 27 bar. The HP set is also required to
vent off into the compartment. This is a safety feature
employed in-case of fire in the compartment with the
CO2 vessel, causing a rapid rise in CO2 pressure. CO2
would vent off to the compartment, extinguishing the
fire.
Alarms fitted to the system are low level, high level
and a leakage/flow alarm (indicating leakage via main
discharge valve). Balloons can also be fitted to the
relief valves to give an indication of leakage.
To operate the system, the control/release cabinet is
opened which sets off an audible and visual alarm,
warning personnel that CO2 release is imminent and
that they should vacate the compartment. The section
valve to the compartment to be smothered is opened,
then the main CO2 discharge valve is opened. A preset
opening time is given for that compartment so that the
correct charge of CO2 is given.
The advantages of a bulk CO2 system over a multi-
bottle system are that it gives a 50% less weight
saving, the volume it occupies is less and it is a lot
cheaper to supply CO2 in bulk.
Fixed fire extinguishing installations
A variety of different fixed fire fighting installations exist, some of
which are specifically designed for certain types of ship. A selection of
the more general installations will now be outlined.
- Fire main system for cargo ships
An outbreak of fire requires a source of ignition, the presence of combustible material and ample oxygen. Of the three factors, oxygen is provided in large quantities in machinery spaces, accommodation, dry cargo holds and tanker pumprooms by ventilation fans. Air supply trunkings are not only a source for a supply of oxygen to feed the fire but also have potential for carrying smoke from one area to another....
- Automatic water spray & water mist system for machinery protected area
The automatic spray or sprinker system provides a network of sprinkler heads throughout the protected spaces. This system may be used in accommodation areas, and in machinery spaces with certain variations in the equipment used and the method of operation. ....
- Automatic foam induction system for machinery space fire
Foam spreading systems are designed to suit the particular ship's requirements with regard to quantity of foam, areas to be protected, etc. Mechanical foam is the usual substance used, being produced by mixing foam making liquid with large quantities of water. Violent agitation of the mixture in air creates air bubbles in the foam. ...
- CO2 fire extinguishing installations for machinery spaces
Fire extinguishing installations employing CO 2 stored under pressure at ambient temperature are extensively used to protect ships' cargo compartments, boiler rooms and machinery spaces. When released the CO 2 is distributed throughout the compartment, so diminishing the relative oxygen content and rendering the atmosphere inert....
- Inert gas systems, inert gas generator
Inert gases are those which do not support combustion and are largely nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Large quantities suitable for fire extinguishing can be obtained by burning fuel in carefully measured amounts or by cleaning the exhaust gases from a boiler. ....
- Fire fighting Halon system
A Halon storage system would be very similar to one using carbon dioxide except that fewer cylinders would be required. The liquefied Halon is usually pressurised in the cylinders with nitrogen in order to increase the speed of discharge. ....
Other important fire & safety equipments
- Use of Breathing apparatus
Compressed air cylinders are of various sizes, usually of either 9 or 6 litre water capacity.
The fully charged pressure of cylinders also varies. Some types are charged to as high as 300 bar (4500 p.s.i.). The maximum charging pressure is always stamped on either the neck or the shoulder of a cylinder.
- Emergency Fire pump cargo ships machinery spaces
Two independently powered pumps must be provided in all cargo ships of 1000 tons gross and over and in passenger ships of less than 4000 tons gross. Larger passenger vessels and passenger ferries must have three such pumps.
- Foam adapter for machinery space fire
Foam branch pipes which operate in a similar manner to those used in deck installations for tankers, are fitted for use with the hydrants in some machinery spaces and in particular for passenger ferry car decks.
- Various fire detectors working principle
The main function of a fire detector is to detect a fire
as quickly as possible; it must also be reliable and require a minimum of
attention.
- Fire detection system
The fire detection system is to be classed as Critical Equipment and must be maintained in good working order.
- Fire fighting strategy for cargo ships
A basic strategy should be followed in all fire fighting situations. This
will involve four distinct aspects, which are locating, informing, containing
and finally extinguishing a fire.
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