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Anchor Handling Equipment for Cargo Ships

Anchors are heavy forging or casting shaped to grip the sea bottom, and by means of a cable or rope, holds a ship or other floating structure in a desired position regardless of wind and current. Different types are in use: stock-anchors, stockless anchors (SPEK or HALL type), High Holding Power (HHP) anchors, Super Holding Power (SHHP) anchors.

Anchoring equipment is designed for temporary mooring a vessel within a harbour or sheltered area when the vessel is awaiting berth, etc. It is assumed that under normal circumstances a ship will use only one bow anchor and chain cable at a time.

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High holding power (HHP) anchor – An anchor is approved as HHP anchor after it has proven, during 3 runs, in 3 soil types and for different weights, that the holding power is at least two time the holding power of a conventional anchor of the same weight. As soon as the predicate “High Holding Power” is obtained a weight reduction of 25% compared to the conventional anchor is allowed.

Spek anchor
Fig: Spek anchor

spare anchor AC 14
Fig: Spare anchor AC 14

Super high holding power anchor (SHHP) – To obtain the predicate SHHP, the anchor must have a holding power of at least four times the holding power of a conventional anchor.

Anchor chain, anchor cable – A heavy chain used for holding a vessel at anchor. The total length of chain is to be divided in approximately equal parts between the two bower anchors. The inboard ends of the chain cables are to be secured to the ship’s structure by means which enable, in case of emergency, an easy slipping of the chain cables to sea.

The windlass

The windlass is the usual anchor handling device where one machine may be used to handle both anchors. A more recent development, particularly on larger vessels, is the split windlass where one machine is used for each anchor.

One unit of a split windlass is shown in Figure . The rotating units consist of a cable lifter with shaped snugs to grip the anchor cable, a mooring drum for paying out or letting go of mooring wires and a warp end for warping duties. Each of these units may be separately engaged or disengaged by means of a dog clutch, although the warp end is often driven in association with the mooring drum.

A spur gear assembly transmits the motor drive to the shaft where the various dog clutches enable the power take-off. Separate band brakes are fitted to hold the cable lifter and the mooring drum when the power is switched off.

The cable lifter unit, shown in Figure below, is mounted so as to raise and lower the cable from the spurling pipe, which is at the top and centre of the chain or cable locker. Details of the snugs used to grip the cable and of the band brake can be seen.

Anchor capstans are used in some installations where the cable lifter rotates about a vertical axis. Only the cable lifter unit is located on deck, the driving machinery being on the deck below. A warping end or barrel may be driven by the same unit and is positioned near the cable lifter.

anchor Windlass
Figure : Deck anchor Windlass

Anchor windlass trials – Each windlass shall be tested under working conditions after installation on-board to demonstrate satisfactory operation. Each unit is to be independently tested for braking, clutch functioning, lowering and hoisting of chain cable and anchor, proper riding of the chain over the chain lifter, proper transit of the chain through the hawse pipe and the chain pipe, and effective proper stowage of the chain and the anchor. The mean hoisting speed is to be measured and verified, of each anchor and at least with 82.5m length of chain submerged and hanging free. The braking capacity is to be tested by intermittent paying out and holding the chain cable by means of the brake application.


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